TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL(READING)

        Glands manufacture and secrete necesary substances.Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts,but endocrine glands,or ductless glands,reliase their products directly into the bloodstream.
        One important endorcrine gland is the thyroid gland.It is in the neck and and has two lobes,one on each side of the windpipe.The thyroid gland collects iodine from the blood and produces thryroxine,an important hormone,which it stores in an inactive form.When thyroxine is needed by the body,the thyroid gland excretes it directly into the blood stream.Thyroxine is combined in the body cells with other chemicals and affects many functions of the body.
        The thyriod gland may be underactive or overactive,resulting in problems.An underactive thyroid causes,hypothyroidism,while an overactive one causes hyperthyroidism.The former problem,called myxedema in adults and cretinism in children,causes the growth process to slow down.A vretin's body and mind do not grow to their full potential.Hyperthyroidism,on the other hand,results in extreme nervousness,an increase in heart action,and other problems.
        Either hypothyroidism or hyperthroidism may result in goiter,or an enlarged thyroid gland.A goiter will appear when the body is not getting enough iodine.Goiter is less common today,since most people use iodized salt.

1.The thyroid gland is called an endocrine gland.
a.because it has ducts
b.because it has lobes
c.because it excretes directly into the bloodstream
d.becouse it is located in the neck 
pembahasan:We are told in paragraph 1 that endocrine glands have no ducts and release their products directly into the bloodstream.

2.The word"it"in line 8 refers to
a.Throxin
b.Blood
c.Iodine
d.Thyroid gland
pembahasan:The sentence states"The thyroid gland collects....,which it stores....."The pronoun precedes a verb(store)and thus is a subject,so "it"relates back to the"thyroid gland" in the subject position of the sentence.

3.A retin is......
a.a child with hyperthyroidism
b.an adult with an underperforming thyroid gland
c.a young person with hyperthroidism
d.an extremely irritable child
pembahasan:paragraph 3,sentence 2 and 3,says that cretinism occurs in children as a result of hypothyroidism,or underactive thyroid gland

4.Which of the following is a probable result of myxedema?
a.sluggishness
b.hyperactivity
c.overproduction of thyroxine
d.perspiration
pembahasan:Paragraph 3,sentence 3,tells us that myxedema occurs in adults and causes the growth process to slow down.We can infer that this would result in sluggishness,or lethargy.

5.The word"former"in line 16 refers to......
a.hypothyroidism
b.overactive thyroid
c.hyperthyroidism
d.secretion
pembahasan:"Former"means the first of two,while"latter"refers to the second.The two items mentioned in the previous sentence are"underactive thyroid"is the same as "hypothyroidism."So"former" refers to an "underactive thyroid,"also known as"hypothyroidism."

6.A goiter is......
a.a person with myxedema
b.a swollen thyroid gland
c.an underactive thyroid gland
d.a chemical
pembahasan:We are told in paragraph 4,sentence 1,that a goither is an enlarged,or swollen,thyroid gland.

7.Exocrine and endocrine glands are distinguished from each other by whether they......
a.secrete through ducts or without ducts.
b.cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
c.cause mixedema or cretinism
d.result in an enlarged or shrunken goiter
pembahasan:The first paragraph states that"exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts,but endocrine glands,or ductless glands,reliese their products directly into the bloodstream."Thus the answer is(A)

8.In line 1,the word"secrete"is closest in meaning to.....
a.indiscernible
b.emit
c.display
d.hypothyroidism
pembahasan:The sentence states that glands of this type"secrete"and the other"release,""Emit"is a synonym for "release"or "secrete."

9.If a thyroid is not working enough,the illness is known as........
a.hyperthyroidism
b.hyperactivity
c.excretion
d.hypothyroidism
pembahasan:Paragraph 3 states that an"underactive thyroid causes hypothyroidism.

10.The main idea of the passage is........
a.how glands work
b.the function and illnesses of the thyroid gland
c.secretion with and without glands
d.the illnesses of an overactive thyroid gland
11.The function of the thyroid gland is described in lines
a.2-4
b.7-9
c.13-15
d.22-25
pembahasan:The passage does not address all glands,only some specific types of glands,so choice(A)is incorrect.The passage does not involve secretion in general,so (C)is incorrect.The passage deals with both an underactive and an overactive thyroid gland,not just an overactive one,so choice(D)is wrong.



Thank for reading:TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL in my blog.
Reference:cliffs
TOEFL PREPARATION GUIDE










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