Sebagian besar vocabulary dalam bahasa Inggris tidak memiliki bentuknya sendiri, melainkan merupakan turunan dari kelas kata lain yang ditambahkan awalan (prefix) atau akhiran (suffix). Penambahan awalan atau akhiran tersebut dapat membentuk makna dan bahkan kelas kata yang baru. Dengan mengetahui asal muasal pembentukan kata tersebut, maka dengan mudah kita dapat memahami makna dari kata tersebut tanpa perlu mencarinya dalam kamus lagi. Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan membahas word derivation and formation pada noun atau kata benda.
Noun dapat dibentuk dari verb, adjective, maupun noun yang lain. Berikut penjelasannya:
1. Pembentukan Noun dari Verba.
a. Verb + ure
Beberapa kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata sifat dengan menambahkan akhiran –ure adalah sebagai berikut:
Act / bertindak Dance / menari Serve / melayani Assist / membantu Type / mengetik Employ / mempekerjakan Manage / mengatur Swim / berenang Direct / mengarahkan Train / melatih
Actor / actor Dancer / penari Servant / pembantu Assistant / pembantu Typist / juru ketik Employer / majikan Employee / pekerja Manager / manajer Swimmer / perenang Director / direktur Trainer / pelatih Trainee / peserta pelatihan
2. Pembentukan Noun dari Adjective
a. Adjective + ity/y/ty
Adjective
Noun
Capable / mampu Able / mampu Probable / memungkinkan Possible / memungkinkan Popular / terkenal Sincere / ikhlas Loyal / setia Honest / jujur Difficult / sulit Stupid / stupidity
Capability / kemampuan Ability / kemampuan Probability / kemungkinan Possibility / kemungkinan Popularity / popularitas Sincerity / keikhlasan Loyalty / keikhlasan Honesty / kejujuran Difficulty / kesulitan Stupidity / kebodohan
b. Adjective+th
Adjective
Noun
Long / panjang Strong / kuat Wide / luas/lebar True / benar Young / muda Warm / hangat Deep / dalam
Length / panjang Strength / kekuatan Width / luas/lebar Truth / kebenaran Youth / pemuda Warmth / kehangatan Depth / kedalaman
c. Adjective+ness
Adjective
Noun
Sad / sedih Happy / bahagia Lonely / sepi Empty / kosong Sick / sakit Bitter / pahit Calm / tenang Dark / gelap
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