Adjective Derivation and Formation

Pembentukan Kata Sifat

Adjective merupakan kata yang menjelaskan kata benda atau noun. Jadi kata apapun yang berfungsi sebagai penjelas atau modifier noun pasti adjective. Sama halnya dengan noun, verb, dan adverb, adjective juga dapat diturunkan dan dibentuk dari kata lain seperti noun, verb, dan adjective lainnya. Berikut penjelasannya:

I. Verb+able (dapat di)

Verb	Adjective
Compare / membandingkan Eat / makan Understand / mengerti See / melihat Forget / melupakan	Comparable / dapat dibandingkan  Eatable / edible dapat dimakan  Understandable / dapat dimengerti  Visible / dapat terlihat  Forgettable / dapat dilupakan

• He didn't speak clearly, but it is still understandable.
• Wind does exist although it is not visible.
• It looks bizzare. Is it edible?

II. Verb+ing/ed (present and past participle)

Verb	Adjective
Interest / menarik minat   Bore / membosankan   Frighten / menakuti   Tire / melelahkan   Amaze / menakjubkan	Interesting / menarik Interested / tertarik Boring / membosankan Bored / merasa bosan Frightening / menakutkan Frightened / takut Tiring / melelahkan Tired / lelah Amazing / menakjubkan Amazed / takjub

• The title of the book is interesting.
• I feel bored. I think I need to grab something.
• The circus show was just amazing.

III. Noun+y

Noun	Adjective
Cloud /  awan Grass / rumput Health / kesehatan Hunger / kelaparan Greed / keserakahan Anger / kemarahan Wind / angin Salt / garam Water / air Sweat / keringat Sand / pasir Sun / matahari Snow / salju Rain / hujan Stink / bau	Cloudy / berawan/mendung Grassy / berumput Healthy / sehat Hungry / lapar Greedy / serakah Angry / marah Windy / berangin Salty / asin Watery / berair Sweaty / berkeringat Sandy / berpasir Sunny / cerah Snowy / bersalju Rainy / hujan deras Stinky / busuk

• Don't be so greedy, man!
• The Biology teacher was really angry with us.
• The soup tastes very salty.
• She did not come to the school because it was rainy.
• The cake looks so delicious. It makes my mouth watery.

IV. Noun+full

Noun	Adjective
Beauty / kecantikan Hope / harapan Power / tenaga/kekuatan Care / perawatan	Beautiful / cantik Hopeful / penuh harapan Powerful / bertenaga Careful / hati-hati

• You are so beautiful.
• The gun is so powerful.
• Be careful on the way.

V. Noun+ly

Noun	Adjective
Mother / ibu Father / ayah Friend / teman Day / hari Week / minggu Month / bulan Year / tahun Man / lelaki Woman / wanita	Motherly / keibuan Fatherly / kebapakan Friendly / persahabatan Daily / harian Weekly / mingguan Monthly / bulanan Yearly / tahunan Manly / kelaki-lakian Womanly / kewanita-wanitaan

• The friendly match was cancelled due to security issues.
• I have been subscribing daily newspaper for two years.
• She looks so manly.

VI. Noun+less

Noun	Adjective
End / akhir Speech / pidato Use / penggunaan Care / perawatan Power / kekuatan Hope / harapan Job / pekerjaan Home / rumah	Endless/ abadi Speechless / terdiam Useless / sia-sia Careless / ceroboh Powerless / tak berdaya Hopeless / gak ada harapan Jobless / pengangguran Homeless / tunawisma

• The homeless man sleeps under the bridge every day.
• I don't know what to do. I am hopeless.
• You are so careless.

VII. Noun+ous/ious

Noun	Adjective
Danger / bahaya Envy / kecemburuan Luxury / kemewahan Mountain / gunung	Dangerous / berbahaya Envious / cemburu Luxurious / mewah Mountainous / bergunung-gunung

• Do not go there. It is so dangerous.
• The businessman just bought a new luxurious house in the capital.
• You are envious, aren't you?

VIII. Noun+ic

Noun	Adjective
Economy / ekonomi History / sejarah Poet / puisi Allergy / alergi	Economic / irit Historic / bernilai sejarah Poetic / puitis Allergic / alergik

• During the global crisis, we have to be as economic as possible.
• The man was so poetic.
• The book is historic.

IX. Noun+ish

Noun	Adjective
Black / hitam Book / buku Wolf / serigala Child / anak Blue / biru	Blackish / kehitam-hitaman Bookish / seperti buku Wolfish / seperti serigala Childish / kekanak-kanakan Bluish / kebiru-biruan

• The metal turns to be blackish.
• Stop playing that childish game.
• The brochure looks bookish.

X. Noun+like

Noun	Adjective
Boy / anak lelaki Father / ayah Wife / isteri	Boylike / seperti lelaki    Fatherlike / seperti ayah    Wifelike / seperti isteri

• Your sister is boylike.
• You look fatherlike.

XI. Noun+al

Noun	Adjective
Nature / alam Person / orang Practice / praktek Music / music Nation / bangsa Culture / budaya Education / pendidikan	Natural / alami Personal / peribadi Practical / praktis Musical / musical National / nasional Cultural / bersifat budaya Educational/bersifat pendidikan

• Snakes are the natural predators of mice.
• The methodology is so practical.
• The audience sing the national anthem emotionally.
• It is just my personal perception.

XII. Noun+en

Noun	Adjective
Gold / emas Wood / kayu Wool / wol	Golden / keemasan Wooden / terbuat dari kayu Woolen / terbuat dari wol

• This is the golden moment for us to win this tournament.
• My father made a wooden table yesterday.
• His jacket is woolen.

XIII. Noun+ern

Noun	Adjective
South / selatan North / utara West / barat East / timur	Southern / daerah selatan Northern / daerah utara Western / daerah barat Eastern / daerah timur

• They are heading to the southern part.
• I live in the eastern part of Borneo island.
• I do love listening to the western songs.

XIV. Im+adjective

Adjective	Adjective
Possible / memungkinkan Mortal / abadi Partial / memihak Passable / dapat dilewati Patient / sabar Proper / layak	Impossible / mustahil Immortal / tidak abadi Impartial / tidak memihak Impassable/tidak dapat dilewati Impatient / tidak sabar Improper / tidak layak

• Nothing is impossible.
• Only God is immortal.
• We need to find the alternative way because the road is impassable.

XV. In+adjective

Adjective	Adjective
Accurate / akurat Adequate / cukup Accessible / dapat diakses Active / aktif Appropriate / sesuai Complete / lengkap Compatible / cocok Competent / berkompeten Consistent / konsisten Dependent / bergantung pd sesuatu Different / berbeda	Inaccurate / tidak akurat Inadequate / tidak cukup Inaccessible / tidak dapat diakses Inactive / tidak aktif Inappropriate / tidak sesuai Incomplete / tidak lengkap Incompatible / tidak cocok Incompetent / tidak berkompeten Inconsisten / tidak konsisten Independent mandiri Indifferent / sama

• The data you gave to me is inaccurate.
• The website has been inactive for days.
• We have to be independent.

XVI. Un+adjective

Adjective	Adjective
Easy / mudah Important / penting Predictable / dapat diprediksi Qualified / berkualitas Doubted diragukan Dressed / perpakaian Educated / berpendidikan Employed / bekerja Equal / sejajar Fair / adil	Uneasy / susah Unimportant / tidak penting Unpredictable / tidak terduga Unqualified / tidak berkualitas Undoubted / tidak diragukan Undressed / telanjang Uneducated / tidak perpendidikan Unemployed / pengangguran Unequal / tidak sejajar Unfair / curang

• It is not uneasy job.
• The weather is unpredictable.
• You look uneducated.

XVII. Il+adjective

Adjective	Adjective
Logical / logis Literate / pintar membaca Legal / sah Legible / pantas	Illogical / tidak logis Illiterate / buta huruf Illegal / illegal Illegible / tidak pantas

• What he said was just illogical.
• Do not do that. It is illegal.
• You may be failed, but you are not illegible.

XVIII. Ir+adjective

Adjective	Adjective
Rational / masuk akal Relevant / berhubungan Regular / beraturan	Irrational / tidak masuk akal Irrelevant tidak berhubungan Irregular / tidak beraturan

• Your reason is just irrelevant to the issues.
• The idea is just irrational.
• There are some irregular verbs we need to learn.

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